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Giving Oral Presentations

Public speaking can feel terrifying. In fact, it is some people’s greatest fear. However, with preparation and practice, you can give an effective and interesting presentation. Just remember to leave plenty of time for all the necessary steps. (See A Writer’s Reference, pp. 100–102.)

Prepare

Preparation is essential for a good oral presentation. Leave yourself plenty of time for preparation, or you may experience writer’s block before and during the presentation.

Consider the following steps:

• Understand the assignment or topic and the guidelines for the presentation.
• Conduct research, if necessary.
• Outline and plan the presentation or speech.
• Prepare note cards.
• Prepare visual aids (posters, props, PowerPoint slides, etc.).
  • Slides should not be a verbatim copy of your notes.
  • Graphics help retention and are engaging, so use them when possible.
  • All visuals should be simple, professional, accurate, and clear.
• Revise the outline, notes, and visuals as needed.

Rehearse

Rehearsing is critical to a successful presentation. Practice in front of people who will give honest feedback, or rehearse alone, ideally in front of a mirror. Most people need to rehearse at least five to six times to feel comfortable.

Rehearsing allows you to:

• Practice staying within the time limit.
• Reduce nervousness before the presentation.
• Become more familiar with the material.
• Identify areas that need revision (content, organization, or delivery).

Tips for rehearsing:

• Find a critical audience that will point out weak areas.
• Do not script the presentation; note cards work best.
• Use visuals during rehearsal.
• Time the presentation.
• Rehearse until you feel confident (five to six times).

Giving the Oral Presentation

Most people feel nervous right before speaking. The following strategies can help reduce anxiety.

Before the Presentation

• Get plenty of sleep by preparing and rehearsing early.
• Eat regular meals to avoid hunger or lightheadedness.
• Drink water to avoid a “froggy” voice.
• Dress professionally and comfortably to boost confidence.
• Review note cards one last time.
• Remember that everyone in the class or group must present and is likely nervous, too.
• Take a few deep breaths to relax.
• Trust your preparation and practice.

After the Presentation

• Thank the audience for their time and attention.
• Ask if there are any questions.
• Answer questions completely and honestly.
• Maintain a polite and positive tone.
• If a question would be better discussed privately, offer to speak one-on-one afterward.

How Can I Make My Presentation More Interesting?

• Involve the audience by asking questions or using handouts or objects.
• Use an effective introduction and conclusion (story, question, statistic, etc.).
• Include engaging visual aids that support understanding.

Delivery Strategies